Various software and tools are used by the data recovery agencies, which have been designed by their engineers, or may have been purchased by them. For data recovery process that you can undertake on your own, you can use the open source software that are available for download. The first and the most important thing that you need to keep in mind, once you have realized that you have by accident deleted some data, is not to use the drive where you had stored the data. Do the preliminary checkings first, before you start with the recovery process. Check the recycle bin, if you have by accident deleted the data. Perform a search operation, using the search feature of your operating system, to check out if you have placed the data into some other location. If you are using Windows operating system, open the folder where you had stored your data and click on tools in the menu bar. Select 'folder options' from the tools menu and click on the view tab. Select 'Show hidden files and folder'. In case the data files are hidden because of some virus problems, you may be able to view them again with this process.
If all these processes do not help you out, you can start off with the data recovery techniques. By the way, you must be wondering, how can deleted data be recovered? Let me try to explain. Computers store your data in the binary format, i.e. 0 and 1. Once you delete some data or format the hard drive, that portion of the hard drive loses its name and identification (the word is address) and becomes free to allocate new data, but the binary digit format continues to exist in it. The only way this binary digit format can be lost is, if some other data is saved by the computer at the same location. The other way is of course, when you want to intentionally eliminate the data from your system, and you have used a file shredding software to do the same.
Depending on the file system that you have chosen, while installing your operating system, download a compatible recovery software. Some software like N-Data recovery will work well for both FAT and NTFS, while NTFS file recovery will work only for NTFS file systems. Please make it a point to download the software into some other drive and not into the one from which you have lost your data. In fact, it is better if you download the software into another computer. Install the software in a drive that is not among the suspected list of drives, from where you think you have lost your data. Better install the software in a USB drive (pen drive or portable hard disk). Scan the suspected drives. The process will take some time and consume a lot of RAM, so avoid using the computer for any other work when the scan is in progress.
Save the recovered files (if they have been recovered at all) into a drive. If you do not get proper results, try some other software which has advanced features. There are recovery software available which allow you to enter details like the type of file or the file extension of the file you are trying to recover. This makes the recovery process for the software a lot simpler. The recovery software available can be used on almost all types of memory, the hard disk or pen drive or a portable music player.
These processes can help you recover the data, but there is no guarantee. Software are also available which will recover your data in a different format and you will have to purchase a license key of the software, to reconvert your data into its original form. Some software will recover the data for you, but won't provide you with a facility to save it unless you buy a license key. So, choose an open source software for the recovery process, if you do not want to spend any money for data recovery.
FAT and NTFS Data Recovery Information
What is FAT and NTFS?
Before a disk can store the data, the Operating System (OS) needs to make the drive useful for the file storage system used by the OS. This ensures that the OS can allocate the data onto the drive space in a systematic fashion for easy retrieval and access.
Disks are therefore divided into sectors. 512 bytes are assigned to each sector. These sectors are then bundled together into clusters or allocation units. All the clusters are of the same size and contain anywhere between 2 to 16 sectors each.
Thus, on each disk, there is some space assigned for basic disk system operations and then the rest of the space is used to store files and data. There is also an area where a record is maintained of the physical location and properties of the data and the program files on the disk. Each OS has a different method of storing this information. So when a computer needs a specific file for any operation, it consults this file storage information to find where the file has been stored on the disk and load the file into the RAM of the computer.
FAT and NTFS are the two methods of saving the file storage record information.
FAT means File Allocation Tables. It is a database system which contains an entry for each cluster on the disk. There are various versions of the FAT system: FAT12, FAT16 and FAT32. The numbers refer to the number of bits used to store the cluster information in the tables. Thus, FAT16 uses 16 bits to store the cluster information in the tables.
NTFS means New Technology File System. This method is used by the newer versions of Windows such as XP and above. In NTFS, all the data is stored in the form of files instead of the fixed structures in the FAT system. There is a MFT or a Master File Table which is a relational database where all the storage information can be found.
Hard Disk Data Recovery Tips: NTFS Data Recovery Tips & FAT 16 and FAT 32 Data Recovery Tips
When a hard drive crashes, it is possible to retrieve the data that was stored onto it.
Ideally, if the file is undamaged and not encrypted but mistakenly deleted, all one has to do is find it. In the FAT system, one needs to clean the messed up file allocation table. In the NTFS system, the method is a little different. Techniques like cluster remapping and transaction logging are part of the NTFS system which is thus geared to automatically perform data recovery operations. Cluster remapping prevents data loss by automatically transferring the data from the clusters containing bad sectors to good clusters. Transaction logging is another system associated with NTFS where any operation that creates or modifies a file is logged as a transaction. Thus, either an operation is completed or it isn’t, because there are no incomplete transactions. This information is kept in a log file. Thus, in data recovery operations on a NTFS disk, one can redo any transaction that is logged into this transaction log.
There are a variety of softwares which can help you to retrieve the data which was lost upon the crash. But before you buy such software, it makes sense to see if your disk storage system is FAT or NTFS. Sometimes, the software may be designed for one system and not the other. So it makes sense to purchase the software which is designed for data retrieval for the storage system that your computer uses.
But before you venture out to purchase a software, make sure that the problem with your hard disk is in the boot sector (which you can resolve by using the software) and not an electrical failure (where the electrical parts of the disk may have burned etc.) or a mechanical failure (where the disk or its parts are physically damaged).
It is always a good practice to have a back-up of all the data on your disk.
One should always use a firewall and use good virus protection software for the computer to avoid any virus to corrupt the boot sector of the computer’s hard disk.
Do not use programs such as scandisk, chkdsk or Norton Disk Doctor as they do not perform data recovery operations.
Try and see if a System Restore operation helps in recovering the functionality of your computer.
There are also a variety of data recovery services available where trained professionals will do the hard work for you. Usually these services advertise a ‘No Data, No Pay’ agreement.
Thus, it is possible to recover the data that is stored on your hard disk, even if your hard disk crashes.
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